Most important Forestry MCQs with answers repeatedly asked in previous competitive exams papers.
Important Forestry MCQs
Ecosystem has two components:
A. Plants and animals
B. Weeds and trees
C. Biotic and abiotic
D. Frogs and men
The word ecosystem was coined by:
A. Daubenmire/R.Misra/Koestle
B. Arthur George Tansley
C. Weaver and Clements
D. Odum/Kormondy
Which one of the following terms does not reflect the idea of ecosystem:
A. Holocoene
B. Cherposem
C. Biosystem
D. Geobiocoenosis
Ecosystem is:
A. Both open and closed
B. Closed unit
C. Open unit
D. open and closed unit depending
In natural ecosystem, decomposers include:
A. Only bacteria and fungi
B. Only microscopic animals
C. The above two types of organisms
D. Only the above two types of organisms
A habitat of long severe winters and growing season limited to a few months of summer constitutes:
A. Savana ecosystem
B. Taiga ecosystem
C. Tundra ecosystem
D. None of the above
Each human couple should produce only two children which help in:
A. Checking pollution
B. Fertility of soil
C. Stabilizing the ecosystem
D. Improving food-web
The term biosphere is used for the zone of earth where life exists:
A. On the lithosphere surface
B. In the hydrosphere
C. In the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere
D. In the lithosphere and hydrosphere
Pond is an example of:
A. Artificial ecosystem
B. Forest ecosystem
C. Natural ecosystem
D. Grassland ecosystem
In an aquatic environment, microscopic animals and plants are collectively known:
A. Commensals
B. Herbivores
C. Fauna and flora
D. Planktons
Ecosystem may be defined as:
A. Group of plants, which act
B. Group of organisms which
C. Functional unit for ecological studies
D. None of these
The earth could have sustained more population if all the people would have been:
A. Pure vegetarians
B. Milk drinker and vegetarian
C. Non-vegetarians
D. Dependent upon milk, egg and vegetarian habit
Prairies and steppes are parts of the natural regions called:
A. Temperate grasslands
B. Tropical grasslands
C. Prairie grasslands
D. Steppes grasslands
Nepenthes is a:
A. Primary producer
B. Consumer
C. Primary producer and consumer
D. None of the above
The pyramid that cannot be inverted in a stable ecosystem is the pyramid of:
A. Energy
B. Number
C. Biomass
D. All of these
Which of the following habitats is most unsuitable for primary productivity:
A. Meadow
B. Forested river bank
C. Cave
D. Pond
The minimum number of components required for an ecosystem to survive:
A. Producer and primary consumer
B. Producer and decomposer
C. Primary consumer and decomposer
D. Primary and secondary consumer
E. Producer and secondary consumer
The significance of ecosystem lies in:
A. Flow of energy
B. Cycling of matters
C. Both (a) & (b)
D. None of the above
Carnivores are:
A. Usually primary consumers
B. Usually secondary consumers
C. Usually decomposers rather than consumers
D. Usually secondary or tertiary consumers
The incorporation of minerals by microbes is called:
A. Mineralization
B. Humification
C. Nutrient immobilization
D. Microbe immobilization
In a food chain, man is:
A. Producer
B. Primary consumer only
C. Primary and Secondary consumer
D. Secondary consumer only
Biosphere refers to:
A. Plants of a particular area
B. Area occupied by living beings
C. Plants of world
D. Spherical plants
A food chain consists of:
A. Producers and primary consumers
B. Producer, herbivores and carnivores
C. Producers, carnivores and decomposers
D. Producers, consumers and decomposers
Green plants constitute:
A. The first trophic level
B. The second trophic level
C. The third trophic level
D. The fourth trophic level
The number of primary producers within a specified area world be maximum in:
A. Pond ecosystem
B. Grassland ecosystem
C. Desert ecosystem
D. Forest ecosystem
Which of the following world is related to Homo sapiens?
A. Herbivore
B. Carnivore
C. Autotroph
D. Omnivore
A food chain starts with:
A. Nitrogen fixing organisms
B. Photosynthesizing organisms
C. Respiration
D. Decomposers
Mark the correct statement:
A. Phototrophs are transducers
B. Some herbivores are converters
C. Microconsumers are saprotrophs
D. All are correct
The following belong to the same trophic level:
A. Tiger and wild beer
B. Snake and earthworm
C. Deer and honey bee
D. Crow and cow
The importance of ecosystem lies in:
A. Cycling of materials
B. Flow of energy
C. Both (a) & (b)
D. None of the above
In lake ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is:
A. Upright
B. Inverted
C. Anything possible
D. None is correct
The gross primary production is maximum in the following ecosystem:
A. Open sea
B. Grasslands and pastures
C. Coniferous forests
D. Tropical and sub-tropical forest
Man is a:
A. Producer
B. Consumer
C. Herbivore
D. None of these
The two major functional components of an ecosystem are:
A. Energy flow and food chain
B. Mineral recycling and energy flow
C. Food chain and decomposers
D. Energy flow and decomposers
The driving force of the ecosystem is:
A. Carbohydrates in plants
B. Biomass
C. Solar energy
D. Producers
The pyramid of energy is always:
A. Inverted
B. Upright
C. Both of these/Horizontal
D. Inverted in forest ecosystem
The trophic level of lion is a forest ecosystem is:
A. T3
B. T4
C. T2
D. T1
In forest ecosystem, pyramid of number is:
A. Upright
B. Inverted
C. Any of the two
D. None of the above
Which of the following is non-renewable source of energy:
A. Mineral
B. Water
C. Forest
D. Solar energy
The transfer of energy from organism to organism is a natural community establishes:
A. Food chains
B. Biological control
C. Natural barriers
D. All the above
Which is a primary consumer?
A. Scavenger
B. Saprophyte
C. Carnivore
D. Herbivore
Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:
A. Herbivores
B. Carnivores
C. Producers
D. None of these
The primary productivity is minimum in the following ecosystem:
A. Tropical rainforest
B. Temperate grassland
C. Tropical deciduous forest
D. Desert shrub
Ecosystem creates:
A. Food chains
B. Food web
C. Both (a) & (b)
D. None of the above
The decomposers in an ecosystem constitute the following trophic level:
A. T1
B. T3
C. T5
D. T4
Ecological pyramids are of:
A. Two types
B. Three types
C. Four types
D. Five types
Which one of the following is a reversible source of energy?
A. Petroleum
B. Coal
C. Nuclear fuel
D. Trees
What is contributed from the outer space in an ecosystem?
A. All the atmospheric gases
B. Only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
C. Energy only
D. All the above components
The zooplanktonic forms are:
A. Primary consumers
B. Secondary consumers
C. Carnivores
D. Primary producers
The cycling of elements in an ecosystem is called:
A. Chemical cycle
B. Biogeochemical cycle
C. Geological cycle
D. Geochemical cycle
The number of producers and consumers in an ecosystem is mutually controlled by a:
A. Productivity control
B. Food chain mechanism
C. Feedback mechanism
D. Any of these
When a big fish eats a small fish, which easts water-fleas supported by phytoplankton, the water leas are:
A. Primary consumers
B. Producers
C. Secondary consumers
D. Top consumers in this food chain
A plant, being eaten by a herbivore which in turn is eaten by a carnivore, makes a:
A. Food chain
B. Web of food
C. Biomass
D. Interdependence
Deer’s are:
A. Autotrophic
B. Heterotrophic
C. Herbivores
D. Atrophic
Which group of three living organisms, given below is a link in food chain: Green plants …. Hawk:
A. Grasshopper, frog, snake
B. Grasshopper, rat, snake
C. Millipedes, centipedes, sparrow
D. Earthworm, hen, rat
Energy flow and energy transformations in living systems strictly conform to the:
A. Law of limiting factors
B. Liebig’s law of minimum
C. Laws of thermo dynamics
D. Shelford’s law of tolerance
E. Biogenetic law
The living steady state has a self-regulatory mechanism which is:
A. Feedback mechanism
B. Homeotherms
C. Homozygous
D. Homeostasis
E. Heterozygous
In a food chain the largest population is that of:
A. Producers
B. Decomposers
C. Tertiary consumers
D. Primary consumers
The pyramid of numbers in a grassland ecosystem will be:
A. Linear
B. Upright
C. Irregular
D. Inverted
In a forest ecosystem, green plants are:
A. The primary producers
B. Primary producers only sometimes
C. The decomposers
D. The consumers
Biosphere is that:
A. By which life originated
B. Where individuals interact with each other
C. Which relates
D. Organic compound
The number of kinds of food chains:
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
Trophic levels are formed by:
A. Only plants
B. Only animals
C. Only carnivores
D. Organisms linked in food chains
The first fish that eats upon the planktonic forms is:
A. Primary consumer
B. Carnivore
C. Decomposer
D. Secondary consumer
The study of interaction between living organisms and environment in a specific area is the study of:
A. Photobiology
B. Phytogeography
C. Ecosystem
D. Phytosociology
The whale is:
A. Primary producer
B. Secondary consumer
C. A decomposer
D. Herbivores
When peacock eats snakes which eat insects thriving on green plants, peacock is:
A. A primary consumer
B. A primary decomposer
C. Final decomposer
D. The apex of the food pyramid
The earth’s atmosphere in which organisms live, is called:
A. Ecosystem
B. Ectosome
C. Biosphere
D. Bioeconomic
In a fish aquarium green aquatic plants are grown primarily for:
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Fish feed
D. Decoration
The phytoplanktonic forms of plants are:
A. Insectivorous type
B. Heterotrophs
C. Chemotrophs
D. Autotrophs
In a food chain, the initial organism is:
A. Herbivore
B. Photosynthesis
C. Carnivore
D. Symbiotic
All the living organisms on the earth interacting with atmosphere constitute:
A. Biosphere
B. Community
C. Biome
D. Association
Food chains are met with only in the:
A. Sea
B. Forests
C. Deserts
D. In all these places
A biotic community comprises:
A. Plants only
B. Animals only
C. Plants and animals
D. Plants or animals
The river mouth ecosystem is called:
A. Estuarine
B. Lotic
C. Lentic
D. None of these
The trophic structure in an ecosystem is in fact:
A. Producer-consumer arrangement
B. Refers to grazing food chain only
C. Never forms a food web
D. Never photosynthesis dependent
The amount of living matter present in a component population of a particular trophic level is called:
A. Standing crop
B. Standing quality
C. Both (a) & (b)
D. Standing state
Every ecosystem must have a continuous external source of:
A. Energy
B. Oxygen
C. Living organism
D. Bacteria
The source of energy in an ecosystem is:
A. sugar stored in plants
B. Light received from the sun
C. Heat liberated during fermentation
D. Heat liberated during respiration
The pyramid of biomass is variable in some:
A. Grassland ecosystems
B. Pond ecosystems
C. Parasitic ecosystems
D. Forest ecosystems
Plants constitute the:
A. Third trophic level
B. Fourth trophic level
C. First trophic level
D. Second trophic level
A man is the part of biotic community:
A. Always
B. Only when he lives in big cities
C. Only when he lives in forest
D. Never
Which of the following terms is not a synonym literally for ecosystem?
A. Ectosome
B. Ecosphere
C. Microcosm
D. Holocene
The term reducer is applied to:
A. Decomposers
B. Detritivores
C. Both (a) & (b)
D. Heterotrophs
The percentage of light energy utilized for photosynthesis by higher plants is:
A. 100
B. 50
C. 10
D. 1
The primary consumers are described as:
A. Herbivores
B. Converters
C. Transducers
D. All of these
The ecosystem lying in the alpine zone between taiga and polar ice is called:
A. Savana
B. Autotrophic
C. Heterotrophic
D. Tundra
The ration of food energy assimilated to the food energy ingested is called:
A. Trophic level efficiency
B. Photosynthetic efficiency
C. Net production efficiency
D. Assimilation efficiency
According to Odum, the percentage of net primary production of total light intake is:
A. 10%
B. 0.15%
C. 1%
D. 1.50%
In a stabilized ecosystem the P/R ratio is:
A. One
B. Less than one
C. More than one
D. Any of these
Which of the following is the smallest unit?
A. Biosphere
B. Ecosphere
C. Ecosystem
D. Biome
In a parasitic food chain which trophic level is represented by bugs and lices?
A. T4
B. T3
C. T2
D. T1
The pyramid of number in a forest ecosystem is:
A. Rhombiodal
B. Upright
C. Inverted
D. Linear
The taiga ecosystems lie in the:
A. Alpine zone
B. Sub-alpine zone
C. Temperate zone
D. Sub-tropical zone
The pyramid of biomass in a shallow pond ecosystem is:
A. Inverted
B. Upright
C. Rhomboidal
D. Liver
The biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem are connected through:
A. Standing quality
B. Climatic regime
C. Transducers
D. Humification and mineralization
The flow of materials and energy in an ecosystem is respectively:
A. Cyclic only
B. Cyclic and linear
C. Linear and cyclic
D. Linear only
The cybernetics of an ecosystem refers to:
A. Upright
B. Inverted
C. Rhomboidal
D. Linear
The efficiency of primary production in an ocean is:
A. 5%
B. 3.50%
C. 1%
D. 0.20%
According to Lindemann, the total solar input in terms of gcal/cm2/year is:
A. 112,887
B. 118,872
C. 181,872
D. 112,788
Which of the following belong to the same trophic level?
A. Yeast and Monotropa
B. Rhizopus and Riccia
C. Ulothrix and Yeast
D. All of these
An ecosystem is a structure that is:
A. Always temporary
B. Always permanent
C. Either of these
D. Rarely permanent
The ecological pyramids were first designed by:
A. Clements
B. Kormondy
C. Warming
D. Elton
The pyramid of biomass in a parasitic ecosystem is:
A. Upright
B. Inverted
C. Linear
D. Rhomboidal
The solar radiations are the sole source of:
A. Energy
B. Materials
C. Both (a) & (b)
D. Standing state
The term omnivore is applied to:
A. Herbivore and carnivore
B. Carnivore and detrivore
C. Herbivore and detrivore
D. All of these
The term homeostasis in an ecosystem refers to:
A. A feedback mechanism
B. A self-regulatory mechanism
C. State of equilibrium
D. Influence of productio
The gross production minus losses in an ecosystem is indicated as:
A. Net production
B. Secondary production
C. Net storage
D. Net primary production
In a forest ecosystem, the numerical relationship between the producers and herbivores:
A. Producers more than herbivores
B. Producers equal to herbivores
C. Producers less than herbivores
D. Variable
In a sugarcane field the net productivity in terms of kg/m2/year, is:
A. 0.2-0.4
B. 2?4
C. 4?6
D. 0.6-0.8
According to Lindemann, the percentage of net production passed on to carnivores is:
A. 28.6
B. 26.8
C. 22.6
D. 22.8
The rate of storage at consumer level is:
A. Secondary productivity
B. Tertiary productivity
C. Both (a) & (b)
D. Net productivity
The percentage of water bound in lithosphere and sedimentary rocks is:
A. 75
B. 65
C. 85
D. 95
Sulphur is returned to the soil by:
A. Producers only
B. Producers and consumers
C. Consumers and decomposers
D. All of these
Which of the following serves as source of carbon in plants:
A. CO2 of carbonic rocks
B. Atmospheric CO2
C. Fossil fuel
D. All of the above
The SO2 is returned to the atmosphere by:
Rank Math SEO
A. Metabolism of producers
B. Metabolism of consumers
C. Both (a) & (b)
D. Combustion of fuel
According to Odum the light absorbed by the plant cover in terms of kcal/m2/day is:
A. 150
B. 1,500
C. 300
D. 3,000
The maximum amount of CO2 fixed by green plants by way of photosynthesis in a year is:
A. 9 x 1013 kg
B. 8 x 1012 kg
C. 9 x 1011 kg
D. 8 x 1010 kg
Hydrological cycle is under the control of:
A. Grasslands
B. Forests
C. Planktons
D. Epiphytes
The sulphate rocks are formed in ocean by leaching of:
A. FeS and Fe2S3
B. Organic sulphates and -SH
C. Soluble inorganic sulphates
D. All of these
Mark the incorrect statement with reference to carbon cycle:
A. Lime rocks contribute to CO2 of water
B. Atmospheric CO2 gets dissolved in water
C. CO2 is returned by combustion of fuel
D. 75% of total carbon lies in geological component
Ecosystem receives nitrogen from outside through:
A. Biological nitrogen fixation
B. Electrification of nitrogen
C. Industries
D. All the above
Energy transfer from one trophic level to other in a food chain is:
A. 1%
B. 2%
C. 10%
D. 20%
Niche of a species in an ecosystem refers to its:
A. Place of occurrence
B. Competitive ability
C. Centre of origin
D. Function at its place of occurrence
Which one of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle?
A. Oxygen and nitrogen
B. Phosphorus and Sulphur
C. Phosphorus and CO2
D. Phosphorus and nitrogen
In which of the following there is no difference?
A. Primary carnivore and trophic level II
B. Secondary consumers and herbivores
C. Primary consumers and herbivores
D. Trophic level I and herbivores
In desert grasslands, which type of animals are relatively more abundant?
A. Diurnal
B. Arboreal
C. Aquatic
D. Fossorial
In a biotic community, primary consumers are:
A. Herbivores
B. Detrivores
C. Carnivores
D. Omnivores
In an ecosystem, bacteria are considered as:
A. Microconsumers
B. Secondary consumers
C. Primary consumers
D. None of these
Biological equilibrium is found among the:
A. Producers and consumers
B. Producers and decomposers
C. Producers, consumers and decomposers
D. Producers and light
The number of individuals of a species in a particular ecosystem at a given constant due to:
A. Man
B. Parasites
C. Predators
D. Available food
Which is the most stable ecosystem?
A. Desert
B. Ocean
C. Mountain
D. Forest
The pyramid of number around a tree would be:
A. Straight
B. Horizontal
C. Inverted
D. Indefinite
The living organisms of all ecosystems collectively constitute:
A. Producers
B. Decomposers
C. Consumers and decomposers
D. Biosphere
Which of the following ecosystem has highest gross primary productivity:
A. Grassland
B. Coral reefs
C. Mangroves
D. Rain forest
To eat and being eaten relationship is called:
A. Food chain
B. Food web
C. Symbiosis
D. Phagocytosis
Ecosystem contains:
A. Producers
B. Consumers
C. Decomposers
D. All of the above
In an ecosystem in abiotic components which of the following occurs?
A. Flow of energy
B. Cycling of material
C. Consumption of materials
D. Flow of energy and cycling of materials
In a terrestrial ecosystem such as forest maximum energy lies in which trophic level?
A. T1
B. T2
C. T3
D. T4
Which of the following has the largest amount of energy?
A. Producers
B. Primary consumers
C. Secondary consumers
D. Disinfectants
Food levels in an ecosystem are called:
A. Trophic levels
B. Consumer levels
C. Producer levels
D. Herbivores levels
The snakes are included under:
A. Saprophytes
B. Primary consumers
C. Second trophic level
D. None of these
The term ‘bio-coenosis’ was coined by:
A. Tansley
B. Warming
C. Carl Mobius
D. S.C.Pandya
Trophic levels are formed by:
A. Only plants
B. Only animals
C. Only carnivores
D. Organisms linked in food chains
Biotic components of an ecosystem include:
A. Producers only
B. Consumers only
C. Producers and Consumers only
D. Producers, consumers and decomposers
Which is the most stable ecosystem?
A. Mountain
B. Desert
C. Forest
D. Ocean
The part of earth in which life exists is known as:
A. Lithosphere
B. Biosphere
C. Atmosphere
D. Hydrosphere
Energy enters into the ecosystem through:
A. Herbivores
B. Carnivores
C. Producers
D. Decomposers
Which are the biotic components of forest ecosystem?
A. Producers
B. Decomposers
C. Consumers
D. All of the above
The flora and fauna in lakes and ponds represents:
A. Lentic biota
B. Latic biota
C. Abiotic
D. None of these
In an upright pyramid of biomass, the herbivores occupy the position:
A. 4
B. 2
C. 3
D. 1
In food chain, herbivores are:
A. Producer
B. Primary consumer
C. Secondary consumers
D. Decomposers
Ten percent law of energy transfer, in a food chain was enunciated by:
A. Elton
B. Heackel
C. Lindeman
D. Schimper
Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:
A. Herbivores
B. Carnivores
C. Producers
D. Decomposers
Which of the following is an artificial ecosystem?
A. Rice-field
B. Forest
C. Grassland
D. Lake
Savannahs are:
A. Tropical rain forest
B. Desert
C. Grassland with scattered trees
D. Dense forest with close canopy
Source of energy in an ecosystem is:
A. Sun
B. ATP
C. Sugar made by plant
D. Green plant
A food chain has the following trophic levels:
A. 3 or 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
In food chain initial organisms are:
A. Top consumers
B. Secondary consumers
C. Primary consumers
D. Photo synthesizers
Which type of the following ecological pyramids are never inverted?
A. Pyramids of number
B. Pyramids of energy
C. Pyramids of biomass
D. Pyramids of dry biomass
If bamboo plant is growing in a far forest then what will be its trophic level?
A. First
B. Second
C. Third
D. Fourth
Nektons are:
A. Organisms that swim in water
B. Floating plants
C. Suspended lower plants
D. Animals associated with plants
E. Algae
Read More: Agriculture MCQs and General Knowledge MCQs for all competitive exams test preparation.